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H I S T O 



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-OF- 



PUTNAM COUNTY, 




G^To the Year 1876.^^ 



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-BY- 



REV. H. VALLETE WARREN, 



OF GRANVILLE, ILLINOIS. 



Heitnepin, Illlinois: 
THE RECORD JOB PRIJVTIJVG OFFICE. 



1877. 




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HISTORY OF PUTN.'\M COUNTY. 



T O Z-i?.. "^ 
— OF— 




From its Earliest Settlement to the 
Year 1876. 

The following liistory of Putnam 
County was prep:ired by llev. II. V. 
Wakren of Granville, and read by 
him at the Centennial celebration at 
Hennepin, July 4tli, 1876. 

REASONS FOR WRITING. 
WuEREAS, Uly:-C'8 S. Grant, Presideut of the 
Uuitecl States and J. L. Bcveridfrc, Governor 
of the State of Illinois, having recommended 
that the people of the j?everal counties and 
towns of tlie State and Nation, cause a history 
of their resjiective localities to be prepared and 
read on the 100th Anniversary of our National 
Independence, and this method ot ol)serviug 
the day being, in our view, eminently appropri- 
ate : Therefore we. citizens of Putnam County, 
Illinois, have procured the preparation of this 
History of our Coiiuty. 

AUTHORITIES. 

The s-mrces wlieace this history is 
derived, and first and chietly the testi- 
mony of living' witnesses wJio ])artic- 
ijiated in the events described, origin- 
al records, written n irratives sid)mit- 
ted to tlie histoi'ian by their autliors 
or custodians, and "Ford's History of 
Putnam aMdMarsliall Counties." puli- 
lislied in i860, at Laeon, Illinois. 

1LLIN(HS IX 182."). 

l!i tlie year 1825 Illinois contained 
a jHjpulatioii of less than one lumdred 
th(njsand, located almost wholly in 
the soulliern portion. The northern 
part, embracing from one-half to two- 
thirds of its area, was a vast wilder- 
ness, its only population the roaming 
Winnebago, Potawotoinie and other 
tribes of Indians, its only roads Indi- 
an trails, its only arts those of hunt- 
ing and savage war, its only trade the 
barter of hatchets and trinkets for 
skins, by French adventurers. 

The lead mines in the extreme north- 
western corner had attracted a few 
miners and Chicago was an insignifi- 
cant village of less than twenty houses 
and not over seventy-five inhabitants 
on what was then known as Chicago 
creek. 



SURVEY OF THE MILITARY TRACT' 

Ten years before this date, 1815, 
Congress had ordered the survey of the 
"Military feounty Land Tract" located 
])ct\veen the Illinois and Mississippi 
rivers, extending due north 169 miles 
from the mouth of the Illinois to its 
great bend below Peiai, thence west 
to the Mississippi. 

This tract contained five million 
three hundred and sixty thousand 
acres, of which three million live-hun- 
dred thousand were appropriated to 
soldier's bounties thereby attracting 
a rapid immigration to tliis part of 
the state. 

ORGANIZATION OF COFNTIES. 

As the population increased county 
organizations be(,'ame necessary and 
were furnished by legislative author- 
ity, twelve counties being formed du- 
-ing the first tiveyears atter the admis- 
sion of the State to the Union iu 1818. 

In Janury (the 13th) 1825 an act 
was passed whicli provided for the 
formation of eight counties bearing 
the names of Schuyler, Adams, Han- 
cock, Warren, Md'rcer, Henry, Knox, 
and Putnam — bright names, all in the 
annals of revolutionary fame. 

BOUNDARIES. 

By this act the boundaries of Put- 
nam county extended Irom the north- 
ern limit of Peoria ciunty, along the 
Illinois and Kaskaskia rivers to the 
Indianaline, lakeshoreand Wisconsin 
l)oundary to a p!)int only tlnrly-five 
miles Ircnn the Mississipi) and tiieiice 
south 105 miles to the Peoria county 
line, includingnearly eleven thousand 
square miles, or tlie greater part of 
twenty-fouv counties as now organiz- 
ed. C^hicago was the only village iu 
Putnam county. 

In 18:'>o. five yi^ars f roin the passage 
of this acl, Peoria, and Putnam coun- 
ties contained but one tliousand threa 
hundred and ten w'aite inhabitants, of 
which iiuinber it was estimated that 
seven hundred only were within the 
wide limits of Putnam. 

So great an area, with so sparse a 
population rendered a reorganization 
necessary, hence, at the Legislative 
Session of 18:30-1 an act was passed 
whereby Cook and La Salle counties 
and a new Putnam was created. 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



By'this act the boundaries of Put- 
nam were defined as beginning at the 
south-west corner of town twelve, 
range six east, running east to tlie 
Illinois river, thence down themi ld!e 
of said river to the south line of town 
twentj'-nine nortli, thence east with 
said line to the third principal meridi- 
an, thence north witli said meridian 
line forty-two miles, thence west to a 
point six miles due nortli of the north- 
west corner of town seventeen of range 
six east, thence south in a right line 
to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries included nearly 
all of what are now Bureau, Putnam, 
Marshall, and Stark counties, compris- 
ing thirty-eight full and thirteen frac- 
tional townships, or 15-i8 square miles. 

FIRST COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 

By the same ;ict Joel Wright of 
Canton, Isaac Perkins of Tazewell 
county and John Hamlin of Peoria 
were appointed commissioners to se- 
lect the county seat. 

LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT. 

On the sixtli of June they reported 
to the county Commissioner's court 
then in session that tliey had perma- 
nently located the seat of j ustice where 
it now is. 

Naming it Hennepin in obediance 
to instructions, thereby linking the 
name of one of tlie earliest French 
explorers with the goodly land whose 
wilds he was the. first to penetrate. 

FIRST ELECTION. 

The first election, as provided for 
by the act of legislature, was held at 
the house of William Ilaws, near 
Magnolia, on the first Mon(lay in 
March ensuing, for three county Com- 
missio'-.ers, a Sheriff and Coroner. 
The day was so inclement and the 
state of the roads so Invi as to permit 
the casting of but a single vote. 

Thomas Ilartzell and Thomas Gal- 
lalier served as .Judges of the Flection 
and -lames W. Willis as Clerk. 

Tlie election resulted in the choice 
of Thomas (iallaher, (icorge Isli, and 
John M. Gay, county Commissioners, 
ira Ladd, Sheriff, and Aaron Pain''or- 
oner. James W. Willis was appointed 
county Treasurer in June, giving a 



bond for one thousand dollars. Hoop- 
er Warren held the oflice of Clerk of 
the Circuit Court, Recorder, and Clerk 
of the county court. He was also 
Justice of the Peace. Bradstreet M. 
Hays was tiie first Surveyor appoint- 
ed, luidNathanial ('hainberlain the first 
S;'liool Commissioner. 

JUDICIAL DISTRICT. 

Putnam county had been assigned 
to the fifth judicial district which ex- 
tended from the mouth of the Illinois 
to Chicago and Catena. Hon. Richar<l 
M. Young was then upon the bench 
in this circuit, and Thomas Ford was 
Stale's Attorney. 

FIRST CIRCUIT COURT. 

The first Circuit Court in Putnam 
was held at tlie house of Thomas Gal- 
laher, on the bank of the Illinois riv- 
er, aijout one fourth of a mile above 
Thomas Ilartzell's Trading House, 
north of Hennepin, in May, 1831. 
The place of convening was an old 
blacksmith's shop that had been used 
as a stable, which was cleansed and 
fitted up for the occasion. 

GRAND JURORS. 

The Grand .lurors for the term were 
David lUmmick, Elijah Epperson, 
Henry Thomas, Leonard Rotli, Jesse 
Williams, Isreal Archer, James War- 
nock, John].. Ramsey, William Haws, 
John Strawn, Samuel Laughlin, (fore- 
man) David Boyle, Stephen Willis, 
Jeremiah Strawn, Abraham Stratten, 
Nelson Shepherd, Thomas Wafer, 

George B. Willis, John Knox, 

Humphrey, Jessee Roberts, and 

Gaylord, of whom one. Nelson Shep- 
herd, still lives. 

PETIT JURORS. 

The Petit Jurors were Sylvester 
Brigham, William Boyd, Hugli A\'ar- 
nock, Willir.m H. Ham, Lewis Knox, 
Samuel Patterson, Joseph Ash, James 
LauL^hlin, Christopher AV^agnor,Joseph 
WalLice, John Whitaker, AVilliam 
Cowen, William Wright, Asahel llan- 
num, Anthony Turk, John J>urrow, 
Jolm Myers, Kzekiel Thomas, Eli Red- 
mon. Mason Wilson. Smiley Shejilierd, 
Justin Ament, and AVilliam JNIorris, 
one of whom, Smiley Shepherd, still 
lives. 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY, 



At this term of Circuit Court the 
Grand Jury held its sessions upon u 
log under the sh;tde of a tree. The 
only indictments found were against 
certain parties charged with bigamy, 
'•a grave offence" a chronicler remarks, 
"in the eyes of a jury composed almost 
wholly of bachelors," one of whom 
declared that "a man ouglit to be in- 
dicted for having two wives when 
most of them had not been able to get 
one." 

No business came before the Court 
at that term. It lasted but one day 
and adjourned to the September term, 
which was lield in a house owned by 
George B. Willis, opposite the moutli 
of Bureau Creek. 

FIRST COURT HOUSE. 

The tirst Court House was a large 
building of wood erected in 1833, 
which continued in use until 1838 
when the present building was con- 
structed, at an outlay of fourteen 
thousand dollars, its cost being great- 
ly enhanced by the monetary con- 
vulsions of that day. 

EIRST MEMBERS OF THE BAR, 

In connection with the early legal 
procei^dings of this covinty the old 
settlers remember Judge David Davis, 
now of the Supreme Court of the Uni- 
ted States, who often rode on horse- 
back from Bloomington to attend 
court at Hennepin, receiving as his 
fee the sum of live dollars. Judge 
John B. Caton also came from Chica- 
go on an Indian pony, and Judge B. 
R. Sheldon, now one of the Judges of 
the Supreme Court of Illinois, and 
Thomas xitwater were among those 
who in like manner participated in 
the first administration of justice and 
law. 

FIRST COUNTY COMMISSIONER'S 
COURT. 

The first County Commissioner's 
Court was held in the house of Thom- 
as Hartzell on the 9th day of April 
1831. At theJune term viewers were 
appointed to mark a road from Henne- 
pin to the county line of Tazewell in 
the direction of wliat is now Washing- 
ton in that county. 

FIRST TAX. 

A tax of one-half of one per cent 



was levied on all personall property 
for the current year for county expen- 
ses. The first tax of one citizen was 
thirty-seven cents — his hist in 1875 
was over tJiree hundred dollars. Eith- 
er taxation has increased enormously 
or he is richer than lie was ; perhaps 
both are true. 

DIVISION OF COUNTY INTO FOUR 
PRECINCTS. 

At this term of Court the county 
was divided into four precincts for the 
election of county ofiicers, viz : Sandy 
Precinct, Hennepin Precinct, .Spoon 
River Precinct and JJureau Precinct. 

The following is "An abstract of 
the votes for representative to the 
Congress of the ITnited states, given 
in the several precincts in Putnam 
county, Illinois, on Monday, the first 
day of August 1831, as returned to the 
Clerk 01 the county C^omuiissioner's 
Cotirt by the Judges and Clerks of 
election in the respective precincts. 

In Hennepin precinct, Joseph Dun- 
can had 18 votes ; Sidney Breese had 
14 votes; Edward Coles had 6 votes. 

In Sandy precinct. Ex Gov. Coles 
had 26 votes ; Soseph Duncan had 13 
votes ; Sidney Breese had 2 votes. 

In Bureau precinct, Joseph Duncan 
had 10 votes; Edward Pool had 6 
vot's; James Turney had 2 votes; 
Sidney Breese had 1 vote. 

In Spoon river precinct, Joseph 
Duncan had 10 votes; Sidney Beese 
had four votes." 

FIRST JAIL. 

In December 1831 two of the Com- 
missioners were authorized to con- 
tract for the building of a jail twelve 
feet stiuare and seven feet high in 
the clear, with a window a foot square 
to be constructed, walls, upper and 
lower floors, wholly of hewn logs. 
The first prisoner confined in tliis 
structure made Ids escape, he being 
assisted by friends outside who re- 
moved one of the logs. This log jail, 
wdiieh cost eighty dollars, gave place, 
in 1833, to a laiger one costing three 
hundred and thirty-four dollars,which 
in turn was pulled down wlien the 
present building of brick was erected. 

FIRST PROBATE COURT. 

Tlie first Pro!)ate Court was held in 
August 1831, Colby T. Stevenson be- 
ing Probate Judge. The next term 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUXTY. 



was held iu March 1833, John P. Bhike 
lining tlie ixKsitioii of Pr()l)at(i Judge, 
in wiiicli office he continued several 
j-ears. 

DIVISION OF COUNTY. 

As the population ot Putnam in- 
•creased and new centers of influence 
were formed, movements were made 
toward a division of tlie county. In 
liie winter of 183(5-7 Ikireau was set 
off, and in .January 183!) Marsliallwas 
carved from our soutiiern hall', while 
in Marcli of the latter year Stark was 
formed of tlie part rem lining west 
of Marshall, thus reducing Putnam 
from one of the l,u-gest to one of the 
smallest couuties ol' the State, with 
an area of four townships and some 
fractions, embracing one liundreil and 
sixty square miles. This is tiie Put- 
nam county of to-day cromprising the 
townsliips of Hennepin, Granville, 
Magnolia and Seuachwine as organ- 
ized under tlie township law in l8.").j. 

IIENNKPIN PliAIRIE. 

On the eastern side of tiie great 
bend in tlie Illinois, where it changes 
from a western to a southern course 
lies a beautiful expanse of rolling 
land, several miles in extent, bounded 
on the west liy the river and on the 
east by the thickly wooded bluff, ;md 
now known as Hennepin Prairie. At 
a point on this Prairie, opposite the 
upper end of the island, in tlie river, 
was erected tlie first building in this 
region by other than Indian hands. 

FIKST TllADING llOrSK. 

It was a Tialing House built in 
1817 and first o(!cupied by one Beau- 
bean, a Frenchman in the employ of 
the American Fur Comi)any. 

In the year 1818 (lordon S. Hubbard, 
then 10 years of age was employed 
by this trader as his clerk. Beaul)eaii 
bi'ing unable to i-ead or wi-ite. besides, 
suffering further incai>acity from age 
and sickness. Mr. 11 ubba'.d still lives, 
his residence being at Cliicago, anil 
gives by letter many interesting pai- 
ticulars of tlie time and place. He 
says: "Thomas Hartx.ell, who was a 
Pennsylvanian by birth, was at that 
time trading in the rivei' below', in 
opposition to the American Fur Com- 
pany. In 1824 t)r lS-2r) he succeeded 
Jieaubean in the employment of tlie 



Company. There was a housejust ije- 
]i)W, a,<;ross the ravini',l)uiltby Antonie 
Bourboiivis also an o])[)osition trader, 
but who, like Ilart/.ell, went into the 
employ of the .American Fur Compa- 
ny, under a yearly salary. My trading 
post after leaving lieaubean was at 
the 111 luth of Crooked Creek, till 182(5, 
when I located on the Irotjuois River, 
still in Iheemiiloy of the Conii)any and 
so continued till 1830, when 1 bought 
them out. 

The last time I visited the place 
where tiie old trading house stood 
the chimney w,is almost all that re- 
mained. It w<is built almost wholly 
of clay, upon a fr.-.me-work of wood, 
being supported by stakes stuck firm- 
ly in the ground the whole daubed in- 
side and out with clay mortar. The 
hearth was of dry clay poundeil hard. 
It was the custom to keep rousing fires 
and this soon leaked and hardened the 
chiinn-y and gave it durability. The 
roof was made of punclieons,the cracks 
well daubed with clay, and then long 
grass laid on top and kept in place by 
logs of small size. The sides of tlie 
house consisted of logs laid one on toi» 
of another, about seven feet high, the 
ends of the logs kept in place l)y posts 
sunk in the ground. The ends were 
sapling logs set in the ground upright 
t(t the roof. A rough door at one end 
and a window composed of one sheet 
of tool's cap i)aper, well greased, ctmi- 
pleted the i uilding. It was warm ami 
comfortable and under its roof many 
an Indian washospitaldy entertaineil." 

A. T. Purvianc ' Esq. to wliom the 
letter so largely (luoled is add)-es.-.e.l, 
has ideutitie(l the site of this historical 
structure, at a, point a short distance 
north of his residence, and marked the 
spot withaboulderlieari-ngthe inscrip- 
tion. 

INDIAN REMAINS. 

Evidence of former Indian occupa- 
tion still remains in the ccu'ii holes, or 
pits for tl.e storing of .urain, which 
are visable in 187(5, wiiile a point on 
the river bank, (the present site of 
Leech's warehouse) is identified as an 
Indian buryin.'' ground. 

nUFFALO HERDS. 

Thirty > ears belong this the Buffalo 
was very abundant on both sides of the 
Illinois. Passing boats on the river 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



were often delayed for lioars by vast 
lierds crossing from side to side, among 
wliicli it was dangerous to venture. 
Indian tradition accounts for their 
disappearance in consequence of snow 
to an extraordinary deptli. Deprived 
of sustenance the lievds perislied. The 
fact that tlielirst settlers found patch- 
es of prairie white witli Buffalo bones, 
and also the bones of deer and elk, 
tends to corroborate the tradition. 

The tradition receives further con- 
firmation from noiices of damages 
sustained at the French settlement at 
St. Louis, from unprecedented floods 
caused by the sudden melting of the 
vast body of snow. According to 
Indian autliority the bottoms, from 
blult' to bluff, were one broad expanse 
of water. Since the occupation of 
the country by white men no JJuffalo 
hiive been seen east of tlie Illinois. 

FIKST SETTLEKS. 

In addition to the traders mention- 
ed, permanent settlers had located in 
the vicinity of Hennepin as early as 
182S, in which year Smiley Slieplierd 
arrived, and a year later brought iiis 
wife, Mrs. Catherine Sheplierd, wlio 
was the first white woman to set foot 
on Hennepin Prairie, which she did, 
•June 1829. Their son, Augustus 
Shepherd, was born February 7th 1830, 
lieing the first white child born in 
Hennepin township. 

■ Patterson and Nathan Sl^eel 

were also among the first on the 
ground. The f (allowing summer, that 
of 1830, witnessed the appearance of 
six steam boats on the Illinois. 

FIRST STORE. 

In 1831 James and Williamson Dur- 
ley rented a cabin of George Willis, 
on the Illinois river, cme mile above 
Hennepin, and opened a store — the 
first business house to succeed the 
system of biuter carried on by the 
American Fur Company, and other 
adventurers, whose transactions were 
wlioUy with tlie Indian tribes. 

SURVEY OF HENNEPIN. 

It appears from the records that 
Hennepin was surveyed in the fall of 
1831, twelve blocks being laid off, 
while portions were reserved for the 
public buildings and a center square. 
Lots were offered for sale in Septem- 
ber of the same year, the first on 



Front Street being bid off by James 
and Williamson Durley at $60, the 
higliest lot sold, where they built and 
opened their store in November of 
that year. William M. Stewart and 
James Dunlavy built the first house 
in Hennepin. 

Other buildings went up, mostly of 
logs, and generally small, and the 
county seat of Putnam was fairly be- 
gun. The population of Hennepin in 
1875 was 2144. 

GRANVILLE, FIRST SETTLER. 

Granville was so called from the 
town of that name in Massachusetts, 
from which its first settler, Mr. Tiios. 
Ware, came. The survey of the place 
was made in April 1836, Felix Mar-r. 
: I rave being the proprietor. Lots were 
sold, and the same year Mr. Ware and 
Jas. Laughlin built the first house in 
the town. James and Hugh Warnock, 
lioswell Blanchard, a Mr. Christwell, 
and George Ish, were the earliest set- 
tlers in this vicinity, the latter having 
located in 1829. 

The situation of Granville was very 
attractive, being on the rolling prairie 
land, bordering the belt of timber 
that skirts the Illinois on the north 
and west of the town, and the vast 
expanse that stretches away to the 
east and south beyond the reach of 
sight. Being a magnificent farming 
region the land was soon occupied, and 
the village enjoyed a healthy giowth.- 
Provision was made for education,' 
and churches were founded. 

On the I7th of March 18.59 the town 
was incorporated, its limits, originally 
forty acres, being at the same time ex- 
tended so as to include an entire sec- 
tion. Population in 1875, 1668. 

MAGNOLIA. 

Magnolia, called after the well 
known tree of that name, was explored 
as early as 1826, bv William Haws, 
James W. Willis and Stephen D. Wil- 
lis, who made claims in that locality. 
It was at the house of Mr. Haws that 
the Commissioners met to locate the 
county seat of Putnam county. John 
Knox and Aaron Payne were the ear- 
liest settlers, the former locating at 
Magnolia in 1827, making that place 
tiie' first settled in the present Putnam 
county. The rich rolling fa^rming 
lands were soon taken apt and the 







HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



population of village and country 
around rapidly increased. Schools 
and Churclies were founded. In 1859 
the village was incorporated. Popu- 
lation in 1875, 1607. 

UNION GROVE. 

Unicjn Grove possesse»l rare attrac- 
tions to the seeker of a western home. 
An outlook over green swells and 
gentle depressions, more beautiful 
tlian the prairie's dead level, shaded 
by charming natural groves of oak, 
bounded by thick timber on the west 
and the boundless grassy plain on the 
east, could not fail to win recognition 
as a spot of rare promise. 

Stephen D. W^illis and Thomas Gal- 
laher were its first settlers and here 
the first church in tliis region wjis 
formed which became the religious 
center of the surrounding settlement. 

SENAC'HWINE. 

Senachwine received its name from 
an Indian chief whose home and hunt- 
ing grounds were in tluit township, on 
a stream also bearing his name. He 
was buried on a hilly point that juts 
out into the valley commanding a 
view of the scene of hisearthly career. 
The town originated from a station 
on the Peoria and Bureau Valley Rail 
Road, upon the opening of that road 
the place was laid out, stores, shops 
and dwellings were erected, schools 
and churches followed, and it bids 
fair to become an important point, it 
being the oidy Rail Road station at 
this date in tlie iiiuits of Putnam 
county. John and Curtis Williams 
and James R. Taliferro were the first 
settlers. Population in 1875, 801 

KLOKID. 

The town of Florid originated 
through the agency of Wm.M. Stewart 
and Aaron Thompson, in 1835. 

In its early history its future ap- 
peared promising but it has since fal- 
len into decay. 

Several shops, stores, churches, a 
school house and Post office, grooped 
among a cluster of dwellings, the 
whole surrounded by inviting farms is 
all that comprizes the Florid of to-day. 

BLACK HAWK WAK. 

These early settlements met with a 
serious clieck, and were subjected to 
great inct»nvenience and h.ss by the 
Jilack Hawk War. 



The lands on Rock river and else- 
where had been ceded to the general 
government by treaty in 1804, at St. 
Louis, a treaty twice ratified subse- 
quently. Black Hawk, a brave and 
powerful chief, was dissatisfied, charg- 
ed that the treaty was a fraud, and in 
the spring of 1881 crossed the Missis- 
sippi to repossess and maintain his 
hold on his old hunting grounds. In 
the following year, 1832, the conflict 
came on. The settlers were driven 
away, their stock'was killed and sto- 
len, and their improvements were de- 
stroyed. 

ALARM. 

The alarm spread, homes were aban- 
doned, the plow was left in the furrow, 
all kinds of property was forsaken, the 
people fleeing from the murderous 
rifle and tomahawk. All the inhabit- 
ants on the west side of the Illinois 
crossed over to the east side where 
they fixed the frontier and made a 
stand. 

CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS. 

Runners were sent in all directions 
calling for volunteers for the defence. 
Hennepin was the place of rendezvous 
for the Putnam county rangers, where 
fifteen hundred men were organized 
and from which point they took field. 

To provide for the defence of the 
non-combatants, block houses were 
built of thick timbers, provided with 
loop holes through which to fire on aii 
attacking enemy, and into these de- 
fences the women and children were 
gathered. One was erectetl on the 
east side of Front St. in Hennepin, 
the timbers of Hartzell's Trading 
house being used in its construction. 
Fort C!ribs was near Florid on the 
farm now owned and occupied by Mr. 
Shering. (Sec. 19, 32 north, 1 west.) 

Some of its old tiuibers still remain 
in the barn which occupies its site. 
It took its nanie from the corn cribs 
which it enclosed. 

Warnock's Block House wjus on 
land now owned by James Moore 
(E. % N. E. 1^ sec. 8) near (Jranville. 
At Cah'donia also, and otlier places, 
houses were fortified for the protec- 
tion of groopsof familie'smore remote 
from the thicker settlements. 

SHAB-BA-NEE. 

In these times of alarm and danger 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



Shab-ba-nee a friendly Indian chief 
secured the lasting gratitude of the 
white settlers by giving timely warn- 
ing of the approach of war parties on 
their errand of death. Some of the 
settlers were over-bold and incredu- 
lous, and were almost driven from 
their exposed position by this faith- 
ful man. May the name of Shab-ba- 
nee be held in greatful remembrance. 

DEATH OF PHILLIPS. 

A party of men going from Henne- 
pin to Dover, 16 miles distant, to se- 
cure tlieir cattle were followed and 
watched all night by Indians,and in the 
morning one man named Pliillips was 
shot as lie cauie out of the cabin in 
which they had passed the night. The 
Indians then fled, a boy named Dim- 
mick rode to Hennepin and gave the 
alarm. It was the day of the disband- 
ing of the rangers, many of whom 
were there. About thirty of them, as 
many as could be gotten over the river 
in time, responded and hastened to 
Dover where they found the body of 
Phillips lying as lie fell and liis com- 
panions still in ihe cabin. The Indi- 
ans were followed but not overtaken. 
The company returned to Hennepin, 
bearing the remains of the unfortunate 
man, and Thomas Hartzell, J. S. Simp- 
son, H. K. Zenorand Williamson Dur- 
ley, selected a burying place, and as- 
sisted in burying the only man who 
fell by Indian hands within the limits 
of Putnam county, and the first to fill 
a grave in the burying ground of 
Hennepin. 

END OF WAR. 

Black Hawk met his final overthrow 
in .) uly 1832, and from that time the 
Indian war-cry dusturbednomorethe 
growing settlements of the frontier. 
The people returned to their deserted 
homes, the weapons of war were laid 
aside for the implements of peaceful 
industry, and tlie work of subduing 
the wilderness went on. 

EDUCATION. 

In the earliest days tlie people of 
Putnam were so widely separated that 
the maintainaiice of schools was diffi- 
cult, yet education received early at- 
tention. Ill the winter of 1830-1, 
George H. Shaw taught a school in a 
log house in the timber near Magnolia. 
The accommodations were very rude. 



The fire place occupied one entire end 
of the room. Writing desks were 
made by placing puncheons on pins 
driven into the wall. Windows were 
of cloth or oiled paper. "The teacher 
made his own fires, swept his house, 
pounded corn for his own bread and 
taught all day." 

As no school laws existed the get- 
ting up of a school was wholly volun- 
tary, a man who desired to teach went 
around with a subscription paper to 
get signers, each one agreeing to pay 
a certain ^um for each scholar sent 
for the specified time, and the test of 
the man's fitness to teach was his abil- 
ity to write his own subscription paper. 

FIRST LADY TEACHER, 

In the year 1830 Mrs. Ramsey 
taught in the log church at Union 
Grove, shebeingthe first lady teaclier 
employed in Putnam county. 

GRANVILLE ACADEMY. 

At Granville, in the year 1836, steps 
were taken towards establisliing an 
Academy. A building costing two 
thousand dollars, the money being 
obtained by voluntary subscription, 
was erected in that and the following 
years. Rev. Otis Fisher was the first 
teacher, which position he occupied 
five years. In conseciuence of a lack 
of support tills institution was soon 
made a public school, still retaining 
its high reputation. 

In its earliest days students were 
attracted from the towns on Rock 
and Fox rivers from Lacon and Chi 
cago to enjoy its advantages. 

Among those who pursued thier 
studies here may be named J. L. Bev- 
eridge. Governor of Illinois, Revs. 
Daniel Wiiitaker and Thomas Allen, 
both missionaries to Burma; Rev. 
Charles Button, Champlain of a regi- 
ment of Illinois volunteers, and Judge 
John Burnes and Berton C. Cook. 

MT. PALATINE. 

Mt. Palatine gave early promise of 
being a center of learning. Eighty 
acres of land were given by Christo- 
pher Winters, in 1839, to found an 
Academy. Upon a part of this land 
the village of Mt. Palatine was loca- 
ted. Lots were sold and the town 
had a promising growth. 

A building costing three thousand 
dollars was erected in 1845-6, and the 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY 



school, un enteiprist^ of the Baptist 
Deiiuiiiinution, opened in Decenil>er 
of tlie hitter year. In the winter of 
1S50-1 a charter grantiiif? colle.uiate 
privih'j^es, was obtained, at vvliich 
time tlie institution took the name of 
Judson College. It soon met with 
ditliculties, a fate (Mjnunon to new en- 
teriirizes, particuhirly at the west, and 
was soldtosatisliy pecuniary demands. 
From tiiat time it has been owned by 
the Catholics. 

A people so imbued with educational 
aspirations, would be sure to take 
advantage of any privileges or i)o\vers 
whicii the law might give them for 
the furtherance of tlieir desires. 
Hence the general school law of the 
state was quickly applied to the edu- 
cational problem in Putnam county, 
and as a result of its woikings the 
county Superintendent reports for the 
year 1875, the enrollment of 1790 chil- 
dren between the ages of and 21. 
Of these 1424 are repoi'ted at attend- 
ants at .school. The county contains 
84 School Districts and the same.num- 
ber of School Houses and Schools, of 
wiiich three are graded. Tlie average 
wages paid to teac'hers iiermontii was 
.$40,80 — tlie number ol' months taught 
in eacii district u;^. Tiie total school 
fund derived from taxation and all 
other sources was !$22,2(i."),7U, and the 
expenditures 817,;5:W,25. 

BUEL INSTITUTE. 

For tlie jiuriiose of fostering Agri- 
culture* IJuel institute \v;is organized 
in 184(j, thirty years ago. Tliis is the 
oldest Agricultural organization in 
the state tliat lias conlinued its opera- 
tions from tiie date of its origin, oft- 
en iioldiiig annual fairs in various lo- 
calities. A permanent location was se- 
cured at llennepin in isi;7, by the 
pun-hase of nineteen acres of laiul 
sitiiau'd on the b;ink ol the Illinois, 
extending to the water's edge, and 
beautifully siiaded by a young growth 
of forest trees, most admiral)ly adapt- 
ed in every way to tiit desiieil puipose. 
Tliese grounds liave been litted uj) in 
the most attractive manner, every 
year adding some new improvement 
and furnisidng annually line exhibi- 
tions of tlie i>roilucts of our farms and 
homes. The present value of these 
grounds is §oU00. 



The leading minds in tliis organiza- 
tion, set in operation tlie train of caus- 
es which produced the system of Agri- 
cultural Colleges througliout the 
United States. 

Pv invitation of Ilal]»h Ware, Leon- 
aixrUullock, and others. Prof. J. B. 
Turner delivered an address at (iran- 
ville, in November 18.j1, in the inter- 
est of Agriculture and labor, a ctm- 
vention for tlu; consideration of those 
matters being then and there assem- 
bled. 

Sixteen years later, at the inagura- 
tion of John M. Gregory, llegent of 
Illinois Industrial University, Cham- 
l)aigii, March 11th 1808, Dr. Newton 
Jiatcnnan twice referred to that con- 
vention using in the latter instance 
this language. "I observe that the 
lirst tangible result of the widespread 
and extraordinary agitation of the 
subject of industrial university edu- 
cation, whicli liegan with tlie(iranville 
convention of 18.")1, and soon pervaded 
the whole state * * * was a memori- 
al to theCJeneral Asseml)ly of Illinois, 
praying that body to invoke the pow- 
erful aid and resourctis of the Nation- 
al (rovernment itself in furtherance 
of the oOjecl." (First an. rep. of the 
Ills. Indus. Univ. 1868. Page ir)8-<J) 

RESULT OF THE GRANVILLE CONVEN- 
TION. 

It will be seen therefore that tlu^ 
seed-thought of these great agricultu- 
ral institutions germinated in Gran- 
ville, in the minds of the founders of 
Huel Institute, and the great thought 
which then sprang to life is destiui'd 
to a wider realm than even our own 
broad land, for at this writing com- 
niissioners,liaving examined the Agri- 
cultural instilutionat Amherst. Mass., 
are on their way to Japan for the 
purpose of introducing the same sys- 
tem into that distant eminre. 

W'v cannot fail to notice the early 
eiforts (}f the founders of civilization 
in our bounds to secure the well being 
of society by means of a knowledge 
of and obedience to the word, of God. 
-Vs eiirly as 1821), forty-seven years ago, 
the Putnam county Bible Society was 
formed at the log church, ;it Union 
Grove, from which date it has con- 
tinued in active service. At a meet- 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



9 



ing heldJanuuvy 24th 1830 the bounds 
of the Society were thus defined :— "On 
the east the Grand Prairie, on the 
north the Big Vermillion, on the west 
the Illinois river, on the south tlie 
northern limits of Tazewell county." 
At the same meetnig it was resolved 
"to supply the destitute within our 
bounds (with Bibles) as soon as prac- 
ticable." A depository of Bibles was 
established, the field divided into 
suialler districts, and the proposed 
work done. 

One of the most energetic and per- 
severing of these men was Steplien 
Willis, who alone canvassed Putnam 
county on horseback, with saddle bags 
filled with Bibles and Testaments. 
After some years, failing health in- 
duced him to remove to Oregon, where 
he stili lives. 

Many times since the field has been 
canvassed, and the needy supplied, 
tliose who are able to pay, buying 
Bibles, and those who are not receiv- 
ing them without money and without 
price. 

An aggregate of over six thousand 
dollars has been raised for this work, 
one-half of which has been donated to 
the American Bible Society, New 
York, tor the general work in our 
own and other lands, and the remain- 
der has been expended on the home 
field. 

From the first the Bible was read 
in all our public schools, and appealetl 
to as the standard of religious truth 
and moral duty. 

RELIGION. 

The religious character of the peo- 
ple of Putnam county has been mark- 
ed from the beginning. Mr. William 
Haws states that as early as 1823, a 
Mr. Walker established a mission 
among the India)is at Ottawa, the in- 
fluence of which long remained among 
the natives. It may have been a re- 
sult of his efforts that 

SIIICK-SIIACK 

became a christian. This Indian 
Chief lived near the mouth of Clear 
Creek, in Putnam county, and gave 
evidence of a ready susceptibility to 
christian culture. He engaged a 
white settler to break up his ground 



for cultivation, in advance of the rude 
style of savage life. Though unable 
to read, he had a good knowledge of 
the Bible, obtained by listening to its 
reading in the cabins of the white 
men. He often visited the Indian 
villages in order to communicate to 
his red brethren the gospel truths 
which he had received. On the Ver- 
million, the scene of frequent visits. 
he reported "plenty good Indian." 
He suddenly left his early home, fol- 
lowing the retreating tribes and was 
no more seen in his accustomed haunts. 
He was highly esteemed by his white 
neighbors. 

It is a gratifying thought that the 
relation of the pioneers to the Red 
Men was not wholly that of antagon- 
ism. Occasionally the unity of human 
brotherhood found expression in a 
fellowship in Christ to which the bar- 
barian was as sensitive as the more 
favored white man. 

FIRST MEETINGS. 

As regards religion among the new 
settlers. Smiley Shepherd says: "Re- 
ligious meetings have been held regu- 
larly since 1 have been in the country, 
that is since 1828." 

Alexander Holbrook, who came in 
1827 says: "We went to meeting and 
had good meetings, wliich we all en- 
joyed because there was union and 
we loved one another'." 

FIRST SERMON. 

The first sermon preached in Mag- 
nolia, and probably in the county, was 
by Father Walker, in September 1820. 
Jesse Hale was the first Methodist 
Episcopal preacher to preach in Hen- 
nepin, he having addresed the people 
there in the winter of 1832-3. Elias 
Thompson is also remembered as a 
pioneer exhorter. 

As population in(;reasel churches 
were formed according to the needs 
or preferences of the people. The 
Presbyterian church of Union Grove 
was formed in 1830, the Methodist 
Episcopal Church of Hennepin in 1833, 
the Baptist Church of Caledonia in 
1836, the Baptist Church of Granville 
in 1837, the Presbyterian Ciiurch of 
Granville in 1839, the Congregational 
Church of Granville in 1851, 
the Cumberland Presbyterian 



10 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY 



Cliiu-cli Clear Creek in 18o4, the 
Prolestaiit M<'tli()ilist Cliurcli (Ger- 
man) itf (JiiinviUe ill 1807. ('()ii{>;re<;a- 
tioiial Cliurcii of Mt. Palatine in ISGit. 
Con^reL-atioual Churcli of lleiiiiei)in 
in 1874. 

Tliere is also a Cliiistian and a 
.Metlioilist Cimrcli atSenaciivvine, two 
eluuflies at Florid, ;.'.nd a Catholic 
Cliurch at Hennepin, formed in I8r>l. 
'J'he Society of Friends held their lirst 
meetinfj;- in the year 18;i7 and in tlie 
year 1841 established a monthly meet- 
ing, making sixteen church orL',aniza- 
tions in the county, at this date. 

FIRST NEWSPAPKU. 

The tirst newspaper published in 
Putnam county was "The Hennepin 
.journal," by l)v. Wilson Everett, from 
18;)7 to l8;Jt). "Tiie (ienius of Uni- 
versal Emancipation" was published 
at the same place, by Warren and 
Eastman, edited by lienjamin Lundy, 
in 1842. Tills was followed by "Tne 
Hennepin tierald," Pliiiip i^yncii, from 
1S4."> to 1848. Then came "The Hen- 
nepin Tribune," iiurney and JJuncan, 
from 185t) to 18.5'J. "The Putnam 
County Standard," -I. F. Grable, Dr. 
Thomas Stanton editor, 18t)0. "The 
Putnam Standard," W. H. G. Barney, 
1«()1, and by Jerry. S. (Jrable in 18tiy, 

AND "THE PPTNAM KECOKD," 

by 1. H. Cook, 1808, which still lives 
to recoril tiie proceedings tjf this day, 
] laving shown a vitality far more tena- 
cious than any of its predecessors. 

JJesides tliese home eiiterprisrs, the 
phui that linally resulted in the starl- 
ing at Chicago "The Herald of the 
Frairie," afterward "Prairie Herald," 
later and better known as the "Wes- 
tern Citizen," w'as tirst discussed and 
settled by Zabina Eastman, Hooper 
Warren, and James (i. Dunlavy, in 
the log cabin of the latter at Ihiion 
Grove. Tills was liefore 1844. H ap- 
pears from the facts liere gathered 
that from 18;;" to 1870 inclusive a 
paper has been sustained eighteen out 
of tliirty-nine years. 

'j'he ciianges that have come over 
i'utiiam in that lime, the crui-1 des- 
poiling of her territory which siie has 
sulfered, and tlii' springing up of rival 



centers of influence, have been disas- 
trous to newspaper men. It is not 
easy to estimate the amount of faith, 
energy, labor, study andcai)ital expcn- 
iled on these ventures, which we may 
Judge paid so poorly on the invest- 
ment. Patriotic home feeling ought 
to give such a supiiort to a county pa- 
per as to enable it not only to survive, 
l)ut we a vigorous gathei'er, recorder 
and preserver of the facts that express 
our liistoric life. 

PATltlOTISM. 

'i'lie Pati'iotism of our county has 
never been appealed to without meet- 
ing a worthy response. ^Laiiy of the 
IMoneers were men who had parlici- 
liated in the dangers and privations 
of the war of 1812. In the Plack 
Hawk troubles they rushed to the de- 
fense almost to a man. In the great 
rebellion that shook the nation in the 
closing yearsof the century, with con- 
vulsions as tei'ril.'le as those through 
which it i>assed at tlie beginning, the 
records sliow that seven hundred and 
seven men responded to their coun- 
try's call. The population of Putnam 
coujity in 1800 was live thousand Ave 
hundred and seventy-nine, showing 
that one man to every 788 of tiie pop- 
ulation entered tiie held. A portion 
of these vetrans re-enlisted, and so 
twice counted, but they are oltsct by 
an equal number wiio joined regi- 
ments n cruited in other counties, to 
whicli counties they were credited. 
The tattered remains of the Hag car- 
ried to the held by Co. E 4th Illinois 
Cavehy. now hangs in the Court 
House — the only Hag brought iionie 
by tlie llegimcnt. 

AKTESIAN WELL. 

The artesian wx'll, an enterprise not 
yet appreciated as its importance de- 
mands, but surely destined to a better 
recognition, deserves mention here. 

While tlu^ work was prosecuted by 
the corporation of Hennepin at a cost 
of .$2,500, its existence is mainly due 
to the persistent energy of Jefferson 
Hurley, who, more than any otlier 
man foresaw its value and believed 
in its practicability. The work was 
begun in September 1875 and iinished 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



11 



after three months labi>r, it heing in- 
terrupted by dehiys ;uid accidents in- 
cident to such undertakino's. The 
drill passed through the following 
strata: — Soil three feet, conglomerate 
70 feet, tine sand 42 feel, coarse gravel 
1 foot, bine clay (;2 feet, soapstone 185 
feet, limestone 440 feet, total 800 feet. 
Specimens of these strata Jiave been 
carefully preserved in the order in 
which they were laken from the well, 
witli their respective tliicknesses 
marked, by A. T. Purviance Esq., at 
his office in the Court House, where 
they will be an interesting study to 
the geologist. At a depth of 2;^0 i'eet 
water flowed at the rate of .5 gallons 
per minute, at 555 feet the flow in- 
creased to 15 galls, per minute, at 7G5 
the flow was ;^>0 gallons, and at 800 it 
rushed up at the rate of 80 gallons 
showing as yet no sign of variation. 
The water rose 05 feet in a pipe affix- 
ed perpindicularly to the tubing, and 
ran over. It is slightly impregnated 
with sidiiu^ and mineral sulistances 
and is considered by some medicinal 
in effect. 

PUKSUITS OF PEOPLE. 

The people of Putnam county have 
been almost exclusively devoted to 
agricultural pursuits from the begin- 
ning, few nuinu;;vi'tures having obtidn- 
ed a fodthold among them except such 
as local wants require. Sliops for 
blaci'.smithing, wagon and harness 
making, carpenter, joiner and cabinet 
work, coojjering, tin and slieet iron 
W(n-k, shoe making and tailoring, 
manned by skillful workmen, are con- 
veniently ilistriiaited throughout the 
county. Nurseries of fruit bearing and 
ornamental shrubs and trees are car- 
ried on at Florid. Flouring mills 
exist in sufficient capacity for the de- 
mand. 

The staple productions of the coun- 
ty are from the farm, consisting of 
liorses, cattle, sheep, hogs and grain. 

Since the tii'st phuiting of corn by 
William Haws at Magnolia, in the year 
1820, 20103 acres of land have been 
brought under cidtivation. Of this 
area 3080 acres were last year in wheat, 
7047 acres in corn, 0494 acres in oats, 
765.0 acres in meadow, and 1877 acres 
in other farm products. In addition 



to this 1175 acres were in orcharding, 
leaving 28932 acres still occupied by 
timber. Of very many of our farm 
houses it may be said : Homes of 
greater comfort or containing more 
bountiful supplies of all the products 
of a prolific S(ul and genial climate 
need not be desired. The tendency 
toward order, neatness and ornamenta- 
tion notical)Ie among our farmeis, au- 
gurs well for the future of intelligent, 
happy and pr(;sperous people. 

These are such histo)ic notes as we 
have been able to gather concerning 
the formative period of our existence. 
The men who were actors, their plans 
and purposes respecting themselves 
and their posterity, the scene of their 
activities and the circumstances of 
their day must ever be an interesting 
study to those who come after us, auu 
all the more as these events recede in 
the distant vistas of time. 

We pass no sentence of approval or 
disapproval upon their doings, and 
pronounce no eulogies upon their 
names or characters at this early date. 
We simply set down the things that 
were done,our object being to preserve 
the germs of a christian civilization 
as heie planted, and oljserved in their 
first upspringing, for use in times 
wlien the i)eginnings of things shall 
more than now engage tlie attention 
of the student, the statesman, the 
philosopher and tlie christian. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEOPLE. 

A people characterized by an adven- 
turous enterprise that chose its field 
of action on the uncertain frontiei-, a 
spirit of endurance that could court 
the self-denials of pioneer life, at the 
same time not contented with barbar- 
ism but aspiring to the ripe attain- 
ments of j'.ncient communities; these 
(luaiities, joined with patriotism and 
valor in danger's hour, with patient 
labor in developing the resources of 
nature ; with social instincts taking 
shape in well organized society found- 
ed upon intelligence and morality; 
the whole molded and directed by' a 
religious life drawn from and con- 
formed to the word of God ; surely 
concerning such a people we need have 
no solicitude. 



12 



HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY. 



Tlie considerate juducenient of the 
future in their case we can safely trust. 

Mav coming years witness the de- 
veloimient of industrial, intellectual 
and religious life from these bejiin- 
ninf,'s, on a scale in worthy keepinj^ 
with the inexhaustible resources of 
this favored land, the boundless realms 
of knowledge so free of access and the 
l)urity and granduer of character at- 
tainable bv men transformed and 
guided by the word and spirit of God 

THANKSGIVING. 

We place on record our devout 
thankfulness for our God, our fathers' 
Gud, the God of the Bil)le, for the 
manifold and abounding blessings \ve 
enjoy to-day; for a fertile land, fruit- 
ful in all that necessity can demand 
or luxury enjoy ; for a climate stimu- 
lating aud healthful to all who obey 
its behests; for a government the 
freest on earth, with the lightest 
burdens for society, peacel'ul, law- 
aliiding, and secure; for intelligence 
ditl'usrd through schools, open to the 
humblest child; lor religious freedom, 
permitting every faith unconstrained 
development, and we rejoice to utter 
it, a good hoi)e in the stability and 



perpetuity of our instituti(ms, substan- 
tially as planted by tlie fathers, until 
coming centennials shall usher in a 
day of rejoicing over results before 
which the gU)ries of the present shall 
be only as day-break compared with 
noon-day. 

Standing as we are now, on the di- 
viding line which separates a century 
past fnmi a century to come of our 
nation's history, we are impelled by 
our ovvnprofoundestconvictions tore- 
peat as our own the words of Pres- 
ident Grant to the youth of our land 
this centennial year. To all who in- 
lierit us we say: "Hold fast to the 
Bible as to the sheet anchor of your 
liberties : write its precepts in your 
hearts and practice them in your lives. 
To the influence of this book we are 
indebted for all the progress we have 
made in true civilization, and to this 
we must look as our guide in the fu- 
ture." "Righteousness exalteth a na- 
tion but sin is a reproach to any peo- 
ple." 

To the loving care and tender mercy 
of our God we commit ourselves, our 
children and all who succeed us to 
the end. 





Done bv H. Yallette Wauuen,^^, 
at t'.ie solicitation of the Putnam 
Gouiity Centennial Committee, July 
4th 187t>, and of the Independence of 
the United States of America the 
One Hundredth. 



















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